Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025)
Reflection on Political Governance and Optimization of Village Governance

Articles

Deliberative Public Policy of Village Governance: Legal-Historical Notes During the Implementation of Regional Autonomy

https://doi.org/10.53013/bestuurskunde.5.1.67-78

Published 2025-04-30

  • Eduardo Edwin Ramda

Eduardo Edwin Ramda
Komite Pemantauan Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah

Abstract

Post-reform, the Indonesian government has guaranteed open access to public participation down to the village level through various legal products, ranging from laws to government regulations. However, behind this commitment, a phenomenon of pseudo-participation has emerged, revealing serious issues and challenges in its implementation. Existing regulations, which are supposed to govern the norms of public participation, often become “paper tigers”, they do not function optimally within the policy-making process. The gap between the ideal conditions outlined in the regulations and the reality on the ground becomes a crucial point, particularly because the deliberative process in formulating public policies at both central and regional levels remains very limited. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method in several villages that have implemented public participation mechanisms in development planning. The proposed solution is institutional strengthening through the establishment of village deliberative forums that are not merely ceremonial but have formal legitimacy and substantive capacity to influence the decision-making process. In addition, the role of non-state actors such as civil society organizations and local media is also strengthened as guardians of a critical and inclusive discourse space. The novelty of this study lies in its emphasis on the need for institutional pressure and coercion mechanisms to ensure that deliberative processes are consistently carried out. Thus, it is expected that policies will truly reflect the needs and aspirations of the citizens, especially in villages that have so far only been objects of policy, not subjects of policymaking.

Keywords

deliberative policy, Decentralization, public policy

PDF

References

  1. Abdullah, N. N., & Rahman, Abdul M. F. (2017). The Use of Deliberative Democracy in Public Policy Making Process. SSRN Electronic Journal, March 2015. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2769105
  2. Agyapong, S., Mensah, N. O., Anang, S. A., Nakuja, T., & Tutu, F. O. (2024). Impact of village savings and loans associations participation on cocoa farmers’ livelihood in the Western North Region, Ghana. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 18, 101356. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAFR.2024.101356
  3. Ahrend, R., Gamper, C., & Schumann, A. (2014). The OECD Metropolitan Governance Survey: A Quantitative Description of Governance Structures in large Urban Agglomerations. OECD Regional Development Working Papers, 1–50. http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/urban-rural-and-regional-development/the-oecd-metropolitan-governance-survey_5jz43zldh08p-en#.WWi8DNPyuRs#page3
  4. Ali, F., Hamdi, Muluk, H., Mundayat, A. A., Kaisiepo, M., Sulistyo, E., Ruhaini, S., Salahudin, A., Qusyairi, M. A., & Zulkarnain, A. (2019). Indonesia PascaJawa: Hasil-hasil Simposium Peneliti Jokowi 1, 2, & 3. 1–164.
  5. Allain-Dupré, D., Chatry, I., & Moisio, A. (2020). Asymmetric decentralisation: trends, challenges and policy implications. 10, 1–36. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/0898887a-en.pdf?expires=1610210667&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=C6315E5BBDB9FA6CBB4AB282E64BEBC4
  6. Arifin, B., Wicaksono, E., Tenrini, R. H., Wardhana, I. W., Setiawan, H., Damayanty, S. A., Solikin, A., Suhendra, M., Saputra, A. H., Ariutama, G. A., Djunedi, P., Rahman, A. B., & Handoko, R. (2020). Village fund, village-owned-enterprises, and employment: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Rural Studies, 79, 382–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRURSTUD.2020.08.052
  7. Baker, J. (2015). The Rhizome State: Democratizing Indonesia’s Off-Budget Economy. Critical Asian Studies, 47(2), 309–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2015.1041282
  8. Baskaran, T. (2011). Fiscal decentralization, ideology, and the size of the public sector. European Journal of Political Economy, 27(3), 485–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJPOLECO.2011.03.003
  9. Basuki, A., Purwaningsih, Y., Soesilo, A., & Mulyanto. (2019). The Role of Regional Government Expenditures on Regional Economic Growth in Indonesia. 353(IcoSIHESS), 155–160. https://doi.org/10.2991/icosihess-19.2019.26
  10. Budi, A. S. (2023). Citizens’ Participation in Developing Public Policy in Village Development Planning. Atlantis Press SARL. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-096-1_3
  11. Canzanelli, G. (2001). Overview and learned lessons on Local Economic Development, Human Development, and Decent Work. Universitas, October, 51. http://www.yorku.ca/ishd/LEDCD.SP/Links BQ/37_led1.pdf
  12. Chen, W., Ye, C., & Liu, Y. (2023). From the arrival cities to affordable cities in China: Seeing through the practices of rural migrants’ participation in Guangzhou’s urban village regeneration. Habitat International, 138, 102872. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HABITATINT.2023.102872
  13. Congleton, R. D. (2015). Asymmetric federalism: constitutional and fiscal exchange and the political economy of decentralisation. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
  14. Corstange, D. (2018). Kinship, partisanship, and patronage in Arab elections. Electoral Studies, 52, 58–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2018.01.006
  15. Dewi, K. H. (2012). Female Leadership and Democratization in Local Politics Since 2005: Trend, Prospect, and Reflection in Indonesia. Masyarakat Indonesia, 38(2), 329–349. http://jmi.ipsk.lipi.go.id/index.php/jmiipsk/article/view/651
  16. Dye, Thomas R. (2011). Understanding Public Policy. Prentice Hall.
  17. Emerllahu, V., & Bogataj, D. (2024). Smart Villages as infrastructure of rural areas: Literature review and research agenda. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 58(3), 268–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IFACOL.2024.07.162
  18. Evans, P. (1996). Government action, social capital and development: Reviewing the evidence on synergy. World Development, 24(6), 1119–1132. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(96)00021-6
  19. Farid, M., Antikowati, A., & Indrayati, R. (2017). Kewenangan Pemerintah Daerah dan Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Potensi Daerah. E-Journal Lentera Hukum, 4(2), 95. https://doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v4i2.5128
  20. Fikri, S. (2018). Politik Identitas dan dan penguatan Demokrasi Lokal (Kekuatan Wong kito dalam demokrasi lokal). TAMADDUN: Jurnal Kebudayaan Dan Sastra Islam, 18(2), 167–181. https://doi.org/10.19109/tamaddun.v18i2.2701
  21. Frank Fischer. (2003). Beyond empiricism: policy analysis as deliberative practice. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511490934.009
  22. Gunanto, D. (2020). Tinjauan Kritis Politik Dinasti di Indonesia. Sawala?: Jurnal Administrasi Negara, 8(2), 177–191. https://doi.org/10.30656/sawala.v8i2.2844
  23. Indrayani, N. K. A., & Setiawina, N. D. (2018). Pengaruh Partisipasi Masyarakat Dan Kebijakan Pemerintah Terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Melalui Keberlanjutan Pariwisata Nusa Penida. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 4, 1079. https://doi.org/10.24843/eeb.2018.v07.i04.p06
  24. Kaho, J. R. (2012). Analisis Hubungan Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah di Indonesia (Revisi). PolGov UGM.
  25. Kalin, W. (2001). Guide To Decentralization. SDC Decentralization Team. https://www.shareweb.ch/site/DDLGN/Documents/SDC Guide to Decentralization_2001.pdf
  26. Kis-Katos, K., & Sjahrir, B. S. (2017). The impact of fiscal and political decentralization on local public investment in Indonesia. Journal of Comparative Economics, 45(2), 344–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2017.03.003
  27. Komite Pemantauan Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah. (2017). Regulasi Usaha di Daerah: Kajian Perda Pungutan dan Perizinan. https://www.kppod.org/backend/files/laporan_penelitian/kajian-perda-pungutan-dan-perizinan.pdf
  28. Kornberger, M., Meyer, R. E., Brandtner, C., & Höllerer, M. A. (2017). When Bureaucracy Meets the Crowd: Studying “Open Government” in the Vienna City Administration. Organization Studies, 38(2), 179–200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840616655496
  29. Lewis, B. D., Nguyen, H. T. M., & Hendrawan, A. (2020). Political accountability and public service delivery in decentralized Indonesia: Incumbency advantage and the performance of second term mayors. European Journal of Political Economy, 64(December 2019), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2020.101910
  30. Lyons, P., Mynott, S., & Melbourne-Thomas, J. (2023). Enabling Indigenous innovations to re-centre social licence to operate in the Blue Economy. Marine Policy, 147(November 2022), 105384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105384
  31. Mariana, D., & Husin, L. H. (2017). Democracy, local election, and political dynasty in Indonesian politics. Jurnal Wacana Politik, 2(2), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.24198/jwp.v2i2.13998
  32. Miller, A., Ahmad, A., Carmenta, R., Zabala, A., Muflihati, Kartikawati, S. M., Damatashia, P., Sagita, N., & Phelps, J. (2024). Understanding non-participation in local governance institutions in Indonesia. Biological Conservation, 294, 110605. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOCON.2024.110605
  33. Monoarfa, R. (2013). Partisipasi Publik Dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah. Lex Administratum, 1(2), 114–123.
  34. Moynihan. (2003). Normative and Instrumental Perspektive on Publis Participation. American Review of Public Administraton, 33, 164–188.
  35. Muhammadiah. (2013). Partisipasi Publik Sebagai Strategi Mewujudkan Good Governance Otonomi Daerah. Otoritas?: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 3(1), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.26618/ojip.v3i1.61
  36. Mukti, I. Y., Henseler, J., Aldea, A., Govindaraju, R., & Iacob, M. E. (2022). Rural smartness: Its determinants and impacts on rural economic welfare. Electronic Markets, 32(4), 1943–1970. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-022-00526-2
  37. Pace, L. A., Saritas, O., & Deidun, A. (2023). Exploring future research and innovation directions for a sustainable blue economy. Marine Policy, 148(November 2022), 105433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105433
  38. Parks, R. B., Baker, P. C., Kiser, L., Oakerson, R., Ostrom, E., Ostrom, V., Percy, S. L., Vandivort, M. B., Whitaker, G. P., & Wilson, R. (1981). Consumers As Coproducers of Public Services: Some Economic and Institutional Considerations. Policy Studies Journal, 9(7), 1001–1011. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1981.tb01208.x
  39. Polyando, P. (2020). Jalan Tengah Desentralisasi Bagi Daerah Otonom Berkarakteristik Kepulauan Di Indonesia. Kencana.
  40. Rahma, I. (2019). Partisipasi Publik Dan Keterbukaan Informasi Dalam Penyusunan Kebijakan. Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan, 14(1), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.33059/jhsk.v14i1.1101
  41. Rahmatunnisa, M., Hindersah, R., & Achmad, T. H. (2018). Why Regions with Archipelagic Characteristics in Indonesia Also Need Asymmetric Decentralization? Jurnal Bina Praja, 10(2), 251–261. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.10.2018.251-261
  42. Sharkansky et. al. (1980). Implementing public policy. Congressional Quarterly Press.
  43. Soeparno, M. E. D. (2022). Political Budgeting Dynamics: Executive-Legislative Interaction for COVID-19 Budget Policy in Indonesia and Singapore [Dinamika Politik Anggaran: Interaksi Eksekutif-Legislatif dalam Kebijakan Anggaran Penanganan COVID-19 di Indonesia dan Singapura]. Jurnal Politica Dinamika Masalah Politik Dalam Negeri Dan Hubungan Internasional, 13(1), 21–42. https://doi.org/10.22212/jp.v13i1.2824
  44. Sopanah, A., Sodik, M., Bahri, S., & Puspitosarie, E. (2023). Public participation in budgeting practices in village government. 1, 93–102. https://doi.org/10.20885/InCAF.vol1.art11
  45. Sujarwoto, S. (2015). Desentralisasi, Dinasti Politik dan Kemiskinan di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik, 1(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiap.2015.001.02.1
  46. The Open Government Partnership Practice Group on Dialogue and Deliberation. (2019). Deliberation: Getting Policy-Making Out From Behind Closed Doors The Deliberation Series Volume I: Vol. I (Issue May).
  47. The Sunlight Foundation. (2010). Ten Principles for Opening Up Government Information. https://sunlightfoundation.com/policy/documents/ten-open-data-principles/
  48. Thomassen, H. H. F. M. and D. J. J. A. (1993). Afstand tussen burgers en overheid (A. Hoogerwerf (ed.). Samsom Tjeenk Willink.
  49. Voyer, M., Farmery, A. K., Kajlich, L., Vachette, A., & Quirk, G. (2020). Assessing policy coherence and coordination in the sustainable development of a Blue Economy. A case study from Timor Leste. Ocean & Coastal Management, 192, 105187. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.OCECOAMAN.2020.105187
  50. Wignosubroto, Soetandyo et. al. (2005). Pasang-Surut Otonomi Daerah: Sketsa Perjalanan 100 tahun. Institute For Local Development.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...