Discourse of Criticism on the Mining Permit Controversy by Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)

Abstract

The decision of Indonesia’s largest religious mass organizations, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah, to accept coal mining business permits has sparked extensive critical discourse. Such criticism comes from environmental activists, academics, and the general public, highlighting ecological risks due to mining activities and potential conflicts of interest that may undermine the moral authority of these religious organizations. This study aims to analyze various criticisms directed at NU and Muhammadiyah in relation to their acceptance of mining business permits, as well as to evaluate the ecological risks and implications for the interests and integrity of these religious organizations. This study employs a qualitative approach through a literature review and discourse analysis of primary and secondary sources, including government regulations, statements from organizational leaders, academic perspectives, environmental reports, and public responses in the form of petitions and protests. Findings reveal that although the religious organizations strive to optimize economic roles through environmentally friendly mining management models, empirical evidence and field experiences indicate significant risks of environmental damage, water source pollution, and adverse social impacts on local communities. Strong criticism arose concerning potential conflicts of interest, weak technical and financial capacity, and contradictions with the core values of the religious organizations, which should uphold sustainability and morality. The strongest opposition came from young members and environmental activists within the organizations who want them to remain focused on advocacy and social empowerment.