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Civil society organizations (CSOs) are key actors in democratic governance and social development in Indonesia. However, the rapid growth in the number of CSOs has not been supported by effective governance, regulation, and institutional…

The issue of restricting the operational space of mass organizations (ormas) has recently become a significant concern in Indonesia’s democratic discourse. The tension between the need to maintain public order and the obligation to uphold…

The tension between freedom of association and public order in Indonesia reflects structural legal, ethical, and institutional challenges, particularly as some community organizations engage in intimidation, extortion, and violations of…